Xaiv Txoj Cai Ntawm Kua txob Txau
Oct 28, 2022
Xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hma kua txob yog tib yam li kev yuav lwm yam. Thaum koj taug kev mus rau hauv lub khw muag hma pov thawj kua txob, koj yuav pom tias muaj tsawg kawg yog 30 hom sib txawv nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab cov npe. Cov poj niam feem ntau yuav cov kaus poom zoo tshaj plaws los yog xaiv lawv lub npe nyiam. Qhov tseeb, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau nws txoj kev ua tau zoo thaum koj yuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hma. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hma yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 15 feem pua ntawm "cov khoom xyaw nquag" thiab nws qhov ntsuas Scovillesin yuav tsum ncav cuag tsawg kawg yog 2000000. "Scoville capsaicin" tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag o thiab ua rau tib neeg hnov mob ntawm lub ntsej muag. Thaum koj siv cov tshuaj tua hma, koj yeej xav kom nws xa cov lus ntawm "Tsis txhob cuam tshuam kuv!" thiab muab sijhawm txaus rau koj tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj ntau ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv hma. Qee cov tshuaj tsuag tuaj yeem txau cov kab nyias thiab ntev ntawm cov dej zoo li rab phom dej, qee qhov tuaj yeem txau cov pos huab ntawm qhov deb, thiab tseem tsim ua npuas dej xws li tshuaj txhuam hniav nyob ze ze. Rau cov neeg zoo tib yam, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog tej zaum hom huab cua, vim nws tsis xav kom koj ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov.
1. OC, feem ntau hu ua capsaicin thiab kua txob. Nws yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam feem ntau yog siv rau pej xeem siv, thiab nws yog oily.
Raws li nws lub npe implies, OC yog ze ze rau kua txob. OC yog thawj zaug sib cais los ntawm kua txob nyob rau hauv 1876. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev, tsis muaj xim amino crystalline tshuaj uas muaj zog stimulation. Txawm tias tsuas yog 1g OC ntxiv rau 100000 tee dej, nws tseem tuaj yeem hnov. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, OC tau hais kom siv los ua tub rog ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab kev tshawb fawb ntau tau ua tiav. Nws cov qauv molecular tau txiav txim siab sai tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog, thiab cov khoom siv dag zog tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1930. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev siv ntau ntawm CN thiab CS, OC tsis tau txais kev txhim kho tiag tiag. Qhov xwm txheej no tsis hloov mus txog thaum xyoo 1980s. Nws pom tau tias txawm hais tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm CN thiab CS yog qhov zoo, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam uas tsis mob lossis muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov mob, xws li cov neeg mob siab heev, cov neeg mob hlwb, cov neeg quav yeeb tshuaj thiab cawv. Txau CN lossis CS rau hauv lawv lub qhov muag, thiab lawv tseem tuaj yeem sib ntaus nrog lawv lub qhov muag qhib. Thaum siv OC tshuaj tsuag, txawm tias lawv hnov mob lossis tsis mob, lawv yuav kaw lawv lub qhov muag, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Lub spiciness ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag yog ntsuas los ntawm Scofield thermal unit - SHU tus nqi. Qhov siab dua tus nqi SHU, qhov muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag. Cov tshuaj OC siv los ntawm feem ntau cov tshuaj capsaicin ejectors muaj 500 ~ 2 lab Scofield thermal units. Feem ntau, qhov siab dua ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua rau tus neeg mob kom rov zoo, thiab qhov nyuaj dua nws yog tshem tawm cov pa phem rau ib puag ncig (qhov siab dua ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag, cov tshuaj tsuag roj ntau dua) , uas kuj coj teeb meem rau cov tshuaj tsuag ntawm lub injector (cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm oily resin ua rau txau nyuaj heev). Tsis tas li ntawd, OC tshuaj tsuag nrog cov roj ntau ntau txau los ntawm kev kub siab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov tawv nqaij ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab tsim cov tshuaj acupuncture zoo li qhov mob, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau tib neeg lub cev.
SHU (Su) - Scoville index (los yog Scoville heat unit), uas tau xaiv los ntawm American chemist Scoville nyob rau hauv 1912. Nws muab nws lub npe tom qab nws tsev neeg lub npe. Ib gram ntawm cov ntshiab OC siv lead ua yuav tsum tau diluted nrog 1 lab tee dej kom ncav cuag lub saj tsis qab. Cov kua txob kub uas peb noj txhua hnub muaj tus nqi calorific tsuas yog 20000 SHU, thaum cov ntshiab capsaicin crystal muaj calorific nqi ntawm 20 lab SHU. Cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas tus nqi calorific tsawg kawg yog 1 lab SHU, thiab ib qho yog 2 lab SHU. Cov qauv no tau txais los ntawm diluting cov ntshiab capsaicin siv lead ua rau hauv cov mis nrog ib qho concentration ntawm 10 feem pua. Muaj ntau ntau ntau ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag. Feem ntau, qhov concentration ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag siv los ntawm cov koom haum tub ceev xwm yog 5 feem pua ~ 10 feem pua.
OC tshuaj tsuag yog tsim los ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tsis muaj xim crystalline phenolic compound capsaicin. Capsaicin yog tsim los ntawm cov qog nyob rau hauv lub placenta ntawm kua txob. Lub placenta ntawm kua txob yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov kua txob qia. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias muaj capsaicin uas peb xav tias kub thaum peb noj cov kua txob kub. Capsaicin yog qhov laj thawj tiag vim li cas cov kua txob kub kub.
Capsaicin muaj nyob rau hauv OC tshuaj tsuag suav nrog cov hauv qab no (tag nrho cov ntawv luv): capsaicin (CAP), nordihydrocapsaicin (NORDIH), homocapsaicin (HOMO), thiab dihydrohomocapsaicin (DIHHOMO). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm vanilla nonanoic acid, abbreviated li NONIV, uas yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Nws tuaj yeem muab sib xyaw nrog ntuj sib xyaw lossis siv ib leeg.
Yav dhau los, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshiab capsaicin tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tshuaj raws li 15 lab Scofield thermal units, thiab tus nqi tau teem rau 25 lab, uas yog qib "kub" ntawm capsaicin nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tagnrho.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li ntau cov nqa khoom thiab kev ncua yuav ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag, SHU tus nqi cim ntawm lub plhaub ejector tsis tas yuav sawv cev rau tus nqi zoo uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag tom qab lub lacrimator yog txau, yog li tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov cim. high concentration thiab high efficiency.
Cov kuab tshuaj los yog cov cab kuj ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau sau tseg thaum xaiv OC tshuaj tsuag tus neeg sawv cev. Cov neeg nqa khoom siv feem ntau ntawm cov ntim ntawm OC ntim, thiab nws nqa OC los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag lub taub hau mus rau lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, tus cab kuj pib volatilize. Raws li OC yog ib qho activator, nws tuaj yeem sib npaug hauv cov cab kuj. Tom qab tus cab kuj volatilizes, feem ntau ntawm cov activator yuav poob rau lub hom phiaj.
Feem ntau, isopropyl alcohol carrier lossis nonalcoholic carrier yog siv, yog li ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov khoom flammability ntawm OC thaum siv isopropyl cawv. Qee cov tuam txhab lag luam hais tias cov khoom lag luam cawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov khoom siv (cov roj resin capsaicin) yog tshuaj tsuag, vim tias cov khoom xyaw no tuaj yeem yaj cov roj oily ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nthuav tawm cov pores ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab ua kom lub cev qhuav dej. kev ua haujlwm ntawm OC tshuaj tsuag. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv dej, roj ntxhia, Freon, Dymel, methylene chloride thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov tshuaj no ntau heev yuav ua rau muaj tshuaj lom thiab txawm tias mob qog noj ntshav, thiab tseem yuav rhuav tshem cov ozone, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom tsis txhob siv lawv.